C++20-Coroutines

#include <iostream>
#include <coroutine>
#include <optional>

// A simple Generator type
template<typename T>
struct Generator {
    struct promise_type {
        T current_value;

        Generator get_return_object() {
            return Generator{std::coroutine_handle<promise_type>::from_promise(*this)};
        }
        std::suspend_always initial_suspend() { return {}; }
        std::suspend_always final_suspend() noexcept { return {}; }
        std::suspend_always yield_value(T value) {
            current_value = std::move(value);
            return {};
        }
        void return_void() {}
        void unhandled_exception() { std::terminate(); }
    };

    std::coroutine_handle<promise_type> handle;

    explicit Generator(std::coroutine_handle<promise_type> h) : handle(h) {}
    ~Generator() { if (handle) handle.destroy(); }

    // Move only
    Generator(Generator&& other) noexcept : handle(other.handle) { other.handle = nullptr; }
    Generator& operator=(Generator&&) = delete;
    Generator(const Generator&) = delete;

    bool next() {
        handle.resume();
        return !handle.done();
    }

    T value() const { return handle.promise().current_value; }
};

// A coroutine that generates Fibonacci numbers
Generator<long long> fibonacci() {
    long long a = 0, b = 1;
    while (true) {
        co_yield a;
        auto next = a + b;
        a = b;
        b = next;
    }
}

// A coroutine that generates a range
Generator<int> range(int start, int end) {
    for (int i = start; i < end; ++i) {
        co_yield i;
    }
}

int main() {
    auto fib = fibonacci();
    std::cout << "First 10 Fibonacci numbers: ";
    for (int i = 0; i < 10 && fib.next(); ++i) {
        std::cout << fib.value() << " ";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";  // 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

    auto r = range(1, 6);
    while (r.next()) {
        std::cout << r.value() << " ";  // 1 2 3 4 5
    }
    std::cout << "\n";

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <coroutine>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>

// A simple awaitable that simulates async work
struct AsyncTimer {
    std::chrono::milliseconds duration;

    bool await_ready() const noexcept {
        return duration.count() <= 0;  // skip suspend if no wait needed
    }

    void await_suspend(std::coroutine_handle<> handle) const {
        // In production, this would register with an event loop
        // Here we simulate with a thread
        std::thread([handle, d = duration]() {
            std::this_thread::sleep_for(d);
            handle.resume();  // resume the coroutine
        }).detach();
    }

    void await_resume() const noexcept {
        // Called when the coroutine resumes — return value becomes
        // the result of the co_await expression
    }
};

// The three Awaitable methods:
// 1. await_ready()  — can we skip suspending? (optimization)
// 2. await_suspend() — what to do when suspending
// 3. await_resume()  — what value to produce when resuming

// A Task type for async coroutines
struct Task {
    struct promise_type {
        Task get_return_object() { return {}; }
        std::suspend_never initial_suspend() { return {}; }
        std::suspend_never final_suspend() noexcept { return {}; }
        void return_void() {}
        void unhandled_exception() { std::terminate(); }
    };
};

Task async_work() {
    std::cout << "Starting async work...\n";
    co_await AsyncTimer{std::chrono::milliseconds(100)};
    std::cout << "Phase 1 complete\n";
    co_await AsyncTimer{std::chrono::milliseconds(100)};
    std::cout << "Phase 2 complete\n";
}

int main() {
    async_work();
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(500));
    return 0;
}