कंडीशन वेरिएबल और प्रोड्यूसर-कंज़्यूमर

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <string>

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
std::string data;
bool ready = false;

void consumer() {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    // Wait until ready is true (handles spurious wakeups)
    cv.wait(lock, []{ return ready; });
    std::cout << "Consumer received: " << data << "\n";
}

void producer() {
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        data = "Hello from producer";
        ready = true;
    }  // unlock before notify to avoid waking thread into contention
    cv.notify_one();
}

int main() {
    std::thread t1(consumer);
    std::thread t2(producer);
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>

template <typename T>
class BoundedQueue {
    std::queue<T> queue_;
    std::mutex mtx_;
    std::condition_variable not_full_;
    std::condition_variable not_empty_;
    size_t capacity_;
public:
    explicit BoundedQueue(size_t cap) : capacity_(cap) {}

    void push(T item) {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
        not_full_.wait(lock, [this]{ return queue_.size() < capacity_; });
        queue_.push(std::move(item));
        not_empty_.notify_one();
    }

    T pop() {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx_);
        not_empty_.wait(lock, [this]{ return !queue_.empty(); });
        T item = std::move(queue_.front());
        queue_.pop();
        not_full_.notify_one();
        return item;
    }
};

int main() {
    BoundedQueue<int> bq(5);  // capacity 5

    // Producer
    std::thread producer([&bq]() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            bq.push(i);
            std::cout << "Produced: " << i << "\n";
        }
    });

    // Consumer
    std::thread consumer([&bq]() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; ++i) {
            int val = bq.pop();
            std::cout << "Consumed: " << val << "\n";
        }
    });

    producer.join();
    consumer.join();
    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <vector>
#include <atomic>

std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
bool shutdown = false;

void worker(int id) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
    cv.wait(lock, []{ return shutdown; });
    std::cout << "Worker " << id << " shutting down\n";
}

int main() {
    std::vector<std::thread> workers;
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
        workers.emplace_back(worker, i);
    }

    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));

    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mtx);
        shutdown = true;
    }
    cv.notify_all();  // wake ALL workers for shutdown

    for (auto& w : workers) w.join();
    return 0;
}